How to Write Research Brief - 1222 Words

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH BRIEF BPRI Guidelines CONTENTS Introduction What information should I include? – Background to the project – Business and Research Objectives – Target audience – Approach – Deliverables – Timings – Budget – Project Team – Next Steps INTRODUCTION This document has been produced by BPRI to help clients write effective briefs for research agencies – We have developed this in response to a number of requests we have received from clients for advice. There is no right or wrong way to write a research brief; however, following these guidelines will help to ensure: – You as the client have a clear view of what is needed from the research – Internal parties have a clear view of what the research can†¦show more content†¦What does success look like? – Would a presentation or debrief workshop be the most useful way of disseminating findings? – Will you need a series of presentations for different audiences? – Will you require an interim debrief or an executive summary? – Do you need feedback in a very succinct format to facilitate a quick decision? – Do you require any specific outputs – e.g. multiple printed copies of presentations/reports, data tabulations, SPSS data files, an online portal to host the deliverables? The BPRI Group 9 WHEN DOES THIS NEED TO HAPPEN? One of the most important factors to include in the research brief is timings. When are interim and/or final results required? Do you need to meet key internal or external deadlines? Are these fixed? – this can influence choice of methodology/approach and sample sizes – It has a major bearing on reporting formats – It also allows the agency to assess capacity and their ability to resource the project effectively – Clients should be aware that complex studies, particularly those involving international markets require several days turn-around time for proposal design and cost estimates. If in doubt, ask your agency for advice. The BPRI Group 10 WHAT IS YOUR BUDGET? Most agencies prefer that clients give some indication of budget so that a research programme can be designed within that budget range – ThisShow MoreRelatedMBA Student Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesCase 1Reporting evidence from business and management research , Katie is working in her local NHS hospital on a six-month internship.,During her time there, the hospital plans the introduction of what they call a Leadership at all Levels programme. All staff are to be encouraged to act as leaders, and Katie is asked to write a report for her manager setmakes a special point of telling Katie that the hospital wants to make its introduction evidencebased. This means, he explains, thatRead MoreUs History Before 1877 Essay886 Words   |  4 Pageshave done that fill out the form provided and turn it in to the librarian. Step 3 – Locating a book. Find a book on U.S. History before 1877. List all of the steps you took to locate that book. Write down the library of Congress number from the book. Write a short paragraph describing the book. Just a brief statement telling me what the book is about. You are NOT required to read the book. (5 points) In your my star account go the â€Å"Library† tab. Then click on the Quest icon. Once you are in questRead MoreLegal Methods, Research And Writing Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesstudying or practicing the profession Legal methods, research and writing is a major necessity for those in the legal field. It is nearly impossible to study or practice law without the basic knowledge of legal methods, research and writing. This essay examines the importance of Legal methods, research and whether in school or outside in the legal profession. The first reason we need legal methods, research and writing is that it will help us to write essays well and helps students to answer questionsRead MoreMc Donal1102 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing research is systematic problem analysis, model building and fact-finding for the purpose of improved decision-king and control in the marketing of goods and services. Philip Kotler Marketing research is to help the company to analyze detailed information about their customers in order to know their market need, size and competition. Through marketing research, companies can analyze the change in the market, customer behavior, buying pattern, the company’s preference, customer satisfactionRead MoreThe Humanities Of Arts Management964 Words   |  4 Pageseducation of the arts management in the US. The aim of the paper is to examine the research paper, â€Å"The MFA in Arts Management† (Rosenstein, 2013) to understand the arts management’s condition in American education. Furthermore, through this paper, I may understand how hard I need to work in this discipline and find the academic writing in the field. Following, I will introduce Swales and Feak’s (2012) moves, summarize the research paper, and discuss the writing skill, including structure and style, in theRead MoreApa Formal Research Paper1237 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: APA Formal Research Paper Include a running header (a short title of your paper) only on the title page Type as: Running head: TITLE IN ALL CAPS All additional pages should just have the short title without the phrase Running head Center the title The long title of your paper should include the main idea and scope of your paper The title should be typed in 12 point Times font Do not bold, underline, or italicize the title How to Format a Formal Research Paper Using the APA CitationRead MoreResearch Questions On Research And Research Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Basics 1. Explain in order from 1 to 6 the steps in the process of research. 1. Identify the Research Problem – Specify a problem; justify a problem and suggest a need to study the problem for audiences (Creswell). 2. Review the literature- Locate resources, i.e.; books, journals, electronic resources; select resources-determine the relevant resources for the topic; organize; Summarize the resources in a literature review (Creswell). 3. Specify a Research Purpose – Identify the purpose statement-theRead MoreSample Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesSample Essay on FINANCE: How to calculate the return on an investment (ROI) Research Paper Example of Research Paper, Sample essay Without calculating the return on an investment (ROI) is not possible to realize any marketing activity and be sure not to loose capital investments. It is essential for making one’s marketing activity more effective and uniquely productive. ROI can be expressed for different time periods: one year, one month, one week, one day. This makes it a necessary objective analystRead MoreThe Use Of Adaptive Pressure On Our Memory1485 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions have all been considered, however, the role of adaptive pressures on our memory, have just began to be studied further by memory researchers. Scholars have attempted to study how our current memory processing capabilities could have been tailored to achieve specific outcomes from our instinctual past. This research could be a window into empirical findings that may challenge existing perspectives on retention. 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The Death Of A Salesman - 1496 Words

Introduction Today, the play The Death of a Salesman is celebrated in many theatres. The play is regarded as one of the finest dramas of American theater play. It was written in 1949 by an American playwright Arthur Miller. After the play was produced, it was first opened at the Morosco Theatre and starred Lee J Cobb as Willy Loman, Cameron Mitchell as Happy, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Howard Smith as Charley and Arthur Kennedy as Biff. The play has been revived on Broadway four times and won many awards and nominations including the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play and Tony Award Best Actor in Play Brian Dennehy in the 1999 Broadway revival. Body Meaning of the Tittle and Sub-tittles of the play The play has several subtitles but the main title â€Å"The Death of a Salesman† represents the actual death of Willy in his conquest of fulfilling his American dream. Willy is a salesman, and he died by committing suicide. The sub-tittle â€Å"The Ideal Funeral† represents Willy’s idealized way of dying and he models his dream funeral on the service held for an old salesman named Dave Singleman. He wanted a big funeral where everyone will be weeping for him. However, in his funeral hardly anybody came since he was not successful as Dave singleman. The sub-title â€Å"Capitalism and the American Dream† is portrayed in a several parts of the play. Willy being a salesman, in many ways represents capitalism nature of the American people. The American dream is represented by Biff, Ben andShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Salesman857 Words   |  4 PagesSome stories have stood the test of time. These stories are relatable are leave readers feared perplexed. Oedipus the King is the tragic story of a man whose figurative blindness at a young age lead to his literal blindness at an old age. The Death of a Salesman converts this to a modern society of a man who just wants to do good for his family but doesn t see the effect of his actions. Although 2400 years separate these stories, readers can still relate to both the same. The genre of tragedy is interpretedRead MoreDeath of a Salesman990 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss â€Å"Death of a Salesman† as a film. How could this film be more film-like? The well known late 1980’s play Death of a Salesman was beautifully crafted and opened my mind up to the reality of some people’s fantasies. When I first began to watch the play, I had immediately noticed that it was a play and not a movie. Usually in a film, there is a hero, heroine, climax, something they are fighting for, and usually (nine times out of ten) a happy, heroic ending. This movie included none, atRead MoreDeath of a Salesman606 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Loman: Victim of the American Dream Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the tale of Willy Loman, a man who falls from the top of the capitalism system in a resonant crash. Being controlled by his fears of the future, and stuck in his memories of the past, Willy fully contributes to his self-victimization by putting little blame on his own mistakes. Although Willy is perceived as selfish, it is important to see that he is misguided. His character is one of a common man, he has neverRead MoreThe, Death Of A Salesman909 Words   |  4 Pagesdesire to be the breadwinners of the family, wish to achieve only success, become unemotional and might take dangerous risk to prove manhood. Many feminist novels, plays or short stories such as Frankenstein, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† showcase the ill effects of gender roles. Women had to fight to have the same advantages and opportunities that men possess. Before modern times, many people would believe that a woman s place is in the home but now it is common for the modernRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death of a Salesman is a heart-wrenching story of a man named Willie, and his fight for economic freedom. The story takes place in 1931, and it starts off with Willie’s faint memory of his father, who was a flute maker and a salesman. Willie is a sixty three-year-old salesman who has work his entire life to achieve the common goal of the American Dream. Nevertheless, while trying to achieve economic freedom he ends up becoming trapped in the process. Willie in a lot of ways, died before his carRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman1024 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Gutierrez Professor Gilbreath Drama 10 6 April 2015 1026 Words The Death of A Salesman San Joaquin Delta College presented Arthur Miller s Death of A Salesman on Sunday the twenty-second of March at 2 o clock in the afternoon. This play is about a young man and his father coming to terms with the past and their futures. Willy Loman, an old salesman, is dealing with both financial and health difficulties. He is put under even more pressure when his unsuccessful son, Biff, returnsRead MoreDeath of a Salesman915 Words   |  4 PagesDefine The American Dream. In what way does Death of a Salesman point out the hopelessness of chasing this dream? Are there any rewards? The idea of the American Dream is truly subjective. To some, it is living in the lap of luxury in all aspects. To others, it is a chance at a better brighter opportunity for themselves or their families. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman portrays the promise of the American Dream in the form of opportunity, freedom, success and wealth; the ability to acquireRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman995 Words   |  4 PagesHope Miller’s play, The Death of a Salesman (1949) was about a family, and their struggles for the American dream. The family composition was not unlike that of an average family, a mom, a dad, and two children. Mom, Linda, tended to the house, oversaw the finances, as well as the lives of the remaining family members. Dad, Willy, supported the family as an on-the-road salesman. At first, Willy’s outbursts were confusing, but as I read the outbursts began to unfold the meanings buried in the storylineRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1187 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman There are some who would argue that it is precisely the ultra-capitalist mentality of individuals like Willy Loman that has propelled the American Economy to global dominance, but Arthur Miller’s classic work â€Å"Death of a Salesman† begs the question: at what cost? What does it do to a person, this desperate need to â€Å"be number one man?† Each of Willy’s sons draw a different lesson from his life and their assertions about how one should live offer a compelling choice for modernRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1278 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Flatley Flatley 1 Mr. Nevels English 102 June 17, 2010 The Struggle Within There is a complete descent into madness evident in Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† The struggle Willy Lowman has come to endure during a life of lies and false hope is portrayed very well by Miller’s use of dialogue, stage comments, prologue, and time and perhaps best shown by the use of dialogue and character interaction. By putting all of these elements to good use Miller paints a perfect picture as

The Evaluation Of Research Evidence. Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Of Research Evidence. Answer: Introduction The evaluation of research evidence is imperative for any research work. The critical review aids in the identification of research evidence that can be significant in the application of the findings into an organization. The critical evaluation of the research evidence aims at finding out crucial aspects invalidating a research or not (LoBiondo-Wood et al. 2016). The paper will also look at the research methodologies that were used and their ability of the researcher to address the research questions. In addition, the paper will look at the findings of the two articles , and review their ability to address the aims , hypothesis or the research questions of the study. Moreover, there is need to identify barriers that may be present and those that may affect applicability of the research evidence (Kong et al. 2014). Lastly, the PICO elements are identified as the guiding questions to research studies. The ability of a research to fully address the elements of PICO is imperative. It is thus vital to check if the elements of PICO were addressed as it is required. Authorship The authors are all qualified given that they are all affiliated to various universities and specifically in the psychology/psychotherapy/psychiatry departments. It is certain that there may be some form of biases given that all the authors have relations from various learning institutions. It is thus clear that the findings from the research may have an element of bias. Research Aims The aim of the research was to have an in-depth study on the drug-induced performance through the use of prescribed stimulants and other illegal stimulants such as Methylphenidate amongst college students. The study also aimed at comprehending the experiences of the participants, the impact of the utilization of the stimulants and the factors that instigated the students to use the stimulants (Lewis, 2015). The latter formed the justification of the study. Design Data for the research was majorly collected through interviews. The participants who were primarily college students were engaged in face to face interviews. The sample encompassed 18 healthy college students (Hilt, Loeb, France, 2014). The questions that were associated in the interviews were those that had a relationship with the environment of the student. Again the face to face interviews was imperative in asking for more explanations for questions that the incompletely answered. The researcher ensured that those that were involved in the conducting of the interview were equipped with interview skills. The total number of interviewers was 3 and 1 psychologist (Hilt, Loeb France, 2014). Moreover, the tape recording of interviews ensured that no data was lost. The research methodology ensured that the researchers were able to acquire an in-depth and well-researched knowledge appertaining to the study. Findings The findings of the research fully addressed the research aims, for instance, it was identified that the use of the stimulants was instigated by other factors that related to the life of the students other than achievement of academic performance (Frond, Liu Bauman, 2013). In addition, the findings were able to efficiently address the aim of identifying the other factors that influenced the use of the stimulants. Strengths and weaknesses The strengths of the article appertain to its ability to precisely address the research aims. In addition, use of face-face interviews aided in acquiring of relevant data that could fully inform the research questions. In addition, the use of leading questions aided in the acquiring of relevant data for the study but also was a factor that could bring out an element of biased findings for the research. The other weakness will be on the use of a small sample that can make it difficult to generalize the information to the study population. Authorship All the authors of the article affiliated to different institutions majorly those that relate to the field of Neuroscience and Psychology. It is impressive given that the research topic appertains to the two fields. The fact that some of the authors practiced their profession in a tertiary institution, there may be a conflict of interest that can jeopardize the result. For instance, Marraccini is affiliated with numerous universities and also specializes in Psychology (Fain, 2017). The author has written many articles relating to psychology and received numerous awards for the same. It can thus be stated that the authors incorporated profound skills in the publishing of the article on the topic. Research Aims The research aimed at establishing if there was really the use of the prescribed stimulants amongst college students. The other aim was to verify the relationship that exists between NMUPs and EF amongst college participants. The author precisely justified that there was the need to establish the effect that prescription stimulants had on college students in relation to their academic progress, given that they were widely used by most of the students. Design The research design was majorly qualitative with the used of scales and tests. The rating scales that tool are the BDEFS and SSQ. Information was also acquired in screening of the GPA of the participants. It was imperative to acquire information on the GPA of the students given that it was important to validate if the use of the prescribed stimulants had an effect of improving the academic performance amongst the college users (Munro et al. 2017). The utilization of the BDEFs was objective given that the participants were all above the age of 18.(Grove, Burns Gray, 2014).The instrument is crucial in the evaluation of the participants that will be reporting EF deficits in various aspects like in self motivation, consciousness of time and in the control of emotions (Munro et al. 2017). Again, the instrument is recommended to be utilized in a research context. The scale is able to dictate the difficulties that are felt by the participant in regards to EF. Lastly, it is paramount to discover that the tool is the most precise in screening categories of EF and their prevalence in the normal human activities over a long time. The authors were able to realize a multiple perspective session throughout their exercise that was very insightful (Giger, 2016). The participants of the research were majorly 308 college students specifically from public institutions based in the US. Findings Firstly, research results indicated that about 18.8% of the participants admitted to the utilization of the prescription stimulants. The realization of this fully addressed the aim of identifying the prevalence of the use of the prescribed stimulants amongst college students (Craig et al. 2013). Secondly, participants that showcased EF deficits were seen to be the greatest NMUPS and indicated lower GPAs contrary to those that did not exhibit EF deficits. The finding addressed the research question on the relationship that EF deficiencies had on the GPAs attained. Lastly, the authors found out that use of the prescribed stimulants for non medical purposes had the effect of non-moderation of the relationship that existed between Executive Functioning and GPA. The finding relates to the aim of achieving the relationship that exists between the uses of the prescribed stimulants to academic performance that is reflected by the GPA. Strengths and weaknesses The strengths of the research are dictated by the authors precisely answering the research questions and aims. In addition, the authors are able to use the precise and the most effective research methodology for the research. The weakness lies in the inability of the researchers to fully address the research gap (DiCenso, Guyatt, Ciliska, 2014). Barriers for the application of evidence in practice. Firstly, the size of the research/study is one the barriers crucial factors to the application of the evidence. In the context of the articles especially in the first article, the sample size is small and thus generalization of the findings can be a problem. In addition, there are problems with developing the evidence that was attained (Amour et al. 2014). When information cannot be developed in regards to the evidence, and then it becomes difficult to apply the evidence. Moreover, if there is lack of time for the findings of a research to be followed up, read through, understood and implemented into an organization application is almost impossible (Sadeghi?Bazargani et al.2014). Then there are issues of organizational barriers and finding the best evidence. In the latter, it can be resources or size that can make an organization to be unable to apply the research evidence. (Stein et al.2017). How closely the research studies provided align with the PICO question/elements. The research studies closely relate to the PICO questions. To begin with, P, the research studies address the problem that is the use of prescribed stimulants with the aim of achieving academic performance (Stein, 2017). In addition, the study population is identified which in our case is the college students. In the context of I", the research studies look at an investigation into the relationship between the use of the stimulants and the academic performance and later on indicate that a relationship occurs to a small extent amongst students that have no EF deficits. In the context of C', it is the question of students with EF deficits and those with no EF deficits. Lastly, in the O section, the researchers indicate the effects of the use of prescribed stimulants on the academic performance. PICO questions are smartly answered throughout the research. Conclusion In conclusion, the two articles are significant in the scenario that was highlighted earlier due to the evidence that they portray. It is also clear that the two articles give different perspectives of the scenarios that equip the researcher with a wide range of data to borrow information from. It is ideally important to note that the two articles deal with similar and different variables and these aids in the researchers being able to attain data that appertains to the various variables that can be associated with the study. The analysis of the critical evidence aids in the analyzing if the articles are significant or not which relies on their reliability. It is clear that the evidence that is given can be used or applied in other settings. It is also clear that there are barriers that can bar the evidence from not being applied to the scenario or in another related context (Upton et al. 2014). It is imperative to ensure that strategies are put in place, those that will enable the e vidence to be used in another practice. References Ammouri, A. A., Raddaha, A. A., Dsouza, P., Geethakrishnan, R., Noronha, J. A., Obeidat, A. A., Shakman, L. (2014). Evidence-based practice: Knowledge, attitudes, practice and perceived barriers among nurses in Oman.Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal,14(4), e537. Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., Petticrew, M. (2013). Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance.International journal ofnursing studies,50(5), 587-592. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Giger, J. N. (2016).Transcultural Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Grove, S. K., Burns, N., Gray, J. (2014).Understandingnursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Fain, J. A. (2017).Reading, understanding, and applying nursing research. FA Davis. Foronda, C., Liu, S., Bauman, E. B. (2013). Evaluation of simulation in undergraduate nurse education: An integrative review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing,9(10), e409-e416 performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 Houser, J. (2016).Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence. Jones Bartlett Learning. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), 473-475. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Cameron, C., Singh, M. (2014).Nursing Research in Canada- E-Book: Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Utilization. Elsevier Health Sciences. Munro, B. A., Weygand, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning, and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257.doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 Kong, L. N., Qin, B., Zhou, Y. Q., Mou, S. Y., Gao, H. M. (2014). The effectiveness of problem-based learning on the development of nursing students' critical thinking: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of nursing studies,51(3), 458- 469. Sadeghi?Bazargani, H., Tabrizi, J. S., Azami?Aghdash, S. (2014). Barriers to evidence?based medicine: a systematic review.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,20(6), 793-802. Stein, K., Hindin, M. J., Chou, D., Say, L. (2017). Prioritizing and synthesizing evidence to improve the health care of girls and women living with female genital mutilation: An overview of the process.International Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics,136(S1), 3- 12. Upton, D., Stephens, D., Williams, B., Scurlock-Evans, L. (2014). Occupational therapists' attitudes, knowledge, and implementation of evidence-based practice: A systematic review of published research.British Journal of Occupational Therapy,77(1), 24-38.

Uses of the Internet and Mobile Devices during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epidemic in 2003 in the PRC

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is considered to be one of the most dangerous biological disasters, having had severe impacts in Asia where its outbreak was reported.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of the Internet and Mobile Devices during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epidemic in 2003 in the PRC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The disease emerged in the year 2002 and became a real hazard in the year 2000 when the scale of infection rose to dangerous levels, threatening the population of the region and even beyond. The control mechanisms of the disease proved to be strenuous in 2003 because of several factors, among them the scale of infection and the size of the population, especially in a country like China that has a large population. It is argued that the nature of the disease did not only portray a problem in the public health sector, but it also has severe implications on the socio-political and economic organization in the region. One of the most unheeding characteristics of the disease is that it was highly infectious. This drew a lot of alertness from the bodies that were responsible for laying down controls to the disease. This paper discusses how mobile phones and the internet played a role in the progression of SARS in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Of greater focus in the paper is the exploration of the socio-economic and political factors in as far as the spread and control of the disease is concerned and how communication was advanced in the course of the efforts to control the disease. A number of analysts made predictions that the epidemic was bound to cause havoc to the economy of South East Asia if radical steps were not taken to prevent the disease from spreading in the region. The scale of international political cooperation in the South East Asian region also comes out through this point.Advertising Looking for essa y on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Amid the rise in the cases of SARS in the region, delegates from health departments of ten of the countries that form the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) met in China to deliberate about the disease. This was followed by the meeting of the heads of governments in the region. From this kind of response, it can be said that the rate of socio-political and economic cooperation in the region has matured and has been the epicentre of the rate of economic development that is being witnessed in the region (Breckon, n.d.). The question that needs to be explored when referring to the outbreak and control of SARS concerns the use of media as a platform for mitigating the disease and the level at which the media helped in communication during the progression of the disease. What role did the internet and mobile phones play during the disease, and what were the issues that revolved ar ound the use of these media or communication tools in China? It is argued that the spring of the year 2002 in China was referred to as ‘spring of masks’. Masks were widely used in the country by both people and animals as one of the mechanism for controlling the SARS disease. According to Shi (2004), the same period is also known as the ‘thumb culture’. This emanates from the swelling culture of the use of mobile phones. There was a restriction in massive movement of people as most of people were either confined in homes and the public health places as a way of minimizing the chances of SARS infection (Grossberg, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Uses of the Internet and Mobile Devices during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epidemic in 2003 in the PRC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether the use of mobile phones was critical in enhancing communication in China duri ng the SARS disease is an issue that attracts debate. Most people seem to agree with the observation that mobile phones were critical communication tools at that time. The rationale behind the observation is that movement and the physical contact of people was highly restricted; therefore, mobile phones emerged as one of the main tools for advancing communication. Mobile phones, especially the short message service (SMS) were widely used as a medium of reducing the chances of further infection. The reason why short messages were crucial is that masking was highly embraced and unmasking could expose the population to the disease. Commentators referred to the mobile phones as a fifth media for people in urban China for accessing, producing and circulating critical pieces of information about SARS (Yu, 2004). Amidst the progression of the disease, a lot of questions were raised about the possibility of the sustainability of the country. There were fears that the Chinese economy was det eriorating as a result of the devastation that had been caused by SARS. China underwent a period of fatality in terms of the delays in information flow, which caused anxiety, rumour-mongering and panic among the population. The government of China came to the limelight, with internal pressure mounting on the government to speed up efforts to redeem the country’s image in the international community. This was reiterated by China’s Premier in his address to the Cabinet in 2003.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He noted that the epidemic had profound effects on the security and health of the Chinese citizenry. The epidemic also had serious negative consequences on the state of development, reform and stability that had been attained by China. In addition, the disease impeded China from pursuing its interests across the globe due to the tarnished image of the country. This implies that the epidemic had a profound impact not only on the Chinese public health sector, but it also had serious effects on the local and international politics and the general image and position of the country in international affairs (Breckon, n.d.). The threats that were outlined by the Chinese Premier then sparked a response from the government, which launched an aggressive campaign to contain the spread of the disease. The campaign resulted in the successful eradication of the epidemic by August 2003. It is argued that the epidemic posed a real test to China’s public health infrastructure. However, the pr ogression of the epidemic resulted in the extension of the effects due to the raising of questions about the capacity of the political structure of China and its capacity to protect the Chinese population from such epidemics in the future. Looking at the epidemic from a political inclination brings out a number of issues about the government of China and the political organization in the country (The Economist, 2003). The government of China managed to contain the disease, in spite of the several complexities that surrounded the disease in the country, like a dense population. The Chinese government put a desirable record about its ability to manage a national crisis. The government of China managed to eliminate the epidemic through the mobilization of the population (Huang, 2004). Deeper insights into the use of mobile phones and the internet in China to pass and receive messages during the outbreak and progression of the SARS epidemic pointed to the issue of democracy and human ri ghts in China. The history of China was marked by an acute political space, with the country coming in the limelight about the deprival of the citizens off the freedom of expression. The freedom of speech and expression was completely curtailed by the Mao regime and the curtailment was evident in the post-Mao era (Yu, 2006). The emergence of the SARS epidemic and the wide usage of the mobile phone and internet communication was, therefore, a step towards the promotion of the freedom of speech and expression in the country. Mobile phone communication, through the short message service and the use of the internet depicted new forms of media. It depicted the embrace of new technology in disseminating information and knowledge and the subjection of the population to what is referred to as socialist modernity. The record of new media usage in China was quite restrained before the country faced the emergency resulting from the outbreak of the SARS epidemic (Wallis, 2011; Qiu, 2007). The q uestion that needs to be explored at this point in time is whether the new forms of media and their subsequent usage in China have been sustained by the government from the aftermaths of the SARS epidemic. While there are still prospects of media regulation as a form of suppressing the freedom of speech and expression in China, it can be said that the scale of media regulation has greatly derailed since the new media was opened up to enhance communication during the SARS epidemic. The new media as used in the SARS epidemic helped in bridging the gap that prevailed between the government and the society in China. That gap was critical to the state in as far as the suppression of the citizens from engaging in public debate in China was concerned. It has become quite difficult for the state to restore that gap. The SMS culture and the usage of the internet denoted a shift in the political relations in the country, with the state promoting the use of the mediums as effective tools of co mmunication and engagement of the public on the developments about the epidemic (Nip, 2012). The political structure of China has been reconstituted courtesy of the use of the new media to combat the SARS epidemic (Wallis, 2011). The scope of technology utilization in communication is expanding greatly in both urban and rural China, and so is the increase in the cultivation of democracy in the country. Technology has promoted communication, thereby promoting the rate at which people access and share information (Yongnian and Guoguang, 2005). According to Oliver and Newbold (1995), the media is a critical tool for championing the social, political and economic culture of countries. The diffusion and promotion of a national culture cannot be promoted when there is a limited space on which to advance dialogue and communication. Mass communication is part of the advancement of culture in the contemporary society, yet it was limited in China. Mass media communication has been promoted by the emergence of complexities that have necessitated the use of media to quell the complex national situations in China (Portiakov, 2003). Yu (2004) observed that the widespread usage of the mobile phones and the internet for creating awareness of the epidemic resulted in the transformation of the population of China from mere consumers of new technology to recognition by the state A number of commentators have reiterated the role of the new media as one of the most effective means of promoting the ability of countries to deal with conflicts and protecting the liberties of the citizenry. The new media has been used for enhancing communication in other national emergencies that have happened in China in the recent times, like the 2008 earthquake disaster. This is a pointer to the fact that the country can no longer afford to restrain the use of new media in communication, which implies the broadening of public communication, thereby enhancing the freedom of speech and expression in China (Bo-xu, 2004). The Chinese government has, thus, been working on changing the policies on the press in the country, which implies that the new media, especially its utilization in national emergencies has reiterated the importance of an open space and culture of communication. This is contrary to what was upheld by the government of China over the years (Qiu, 2007). What is being witnessed in China today is a change in the socio-political culture, where the new media is being embraced by the state as a tool of promoting the cohesiveness of the citizenry and cooperation in matters of national importance. The government of China, especially the ruling party has learnt to advance its ideology without barring citizens from communicating freely (Zhu, 2009). Conclusion This paper has explored the role of the new media in enhancing communication during the outbreak of SARS in China. From the discussion, it can be concluded that the use of new media in communication during the SARS ep idemic emergency in China has acted as a basis on which the freedom of speech and expression have been promoted in China. References Bo-xu, Y. (2004). The relationship between the interactive medium and public medium: The case of SARS outbreak. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 12-19. Breckon, L. (n.d). China and Southeast Asia relations: SARS and a new security Initiative from China. Web. Grossberg, L. (2006). Mediamaking: Mass media in a popular culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Huang Y. (2004). ‘The SARS epidemic and its aftermath in China: a political perspective.’ In: Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. Knobler S, Mahmoud A, Lemon S, et al., editors. Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak: Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Nip, J. Y. (2012). ‘Changing connections: The news media, the government and the people in China’s SARS epidemic.’ In A. Romano, M. B romley (Eds.), Journalism and democracy in Asia (pp. 28-40). New York, NY: Routledge. Oliver, B., Newbold, C. (1995). Approaches to media: a reader. New York, NY: Martin’s Press. Portiakov, V. (2003). SARS epidemic in the PRC. Far Eastern Affairs, 31(4), 49-57. Qiu, J. L. (2007). The wireless leash: Mobile messaging service as a means of control. International Journal of Communication, 1, 74-91. Shi, Y. (2004). The power of a thumb. Phoenix TV. Web. The Economist. (2003, May 8th). Not such a threat after all: The SARS outbreak and the internet. Web. Wallis, C. (2011). New media practices in China: Youth patterns, processes, and politics. International Journal of Communication, 5, 406-436. Yongnian, Z., Guoguang, W. (2005). Information technology, public space, and collective action in China. Comparative Political Studies, 38(5), 507-536. Yu, H. (2004). The power of thumbs: The politics of SMS in urban China. Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 2(2), 30-43. Yu, H. (200 6). From active audience to media citizenship: The case of post-Mao China. Social Semiotics, 16(2), 303-326. Zhu, J. (2009). Roadblock and roadmap: Circumventing press censorship in China in the new media dimension. University of LaVerne Law Review, 30(2), 402-466. This essay on Uses of the Internet and Mobile Devices during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epidemic in 2003 in the PRC was written and submitted by user Red Cr0w to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Find a Reactions Final Temperature With Specific Heat

Find a Reaction's Final Temperature With Specific Heat This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the final temperature of a substance when given the amount of energy used, the mass and initial temperature. Problem 300 grams of ethanol at 10  °C is heated with 14640 Joules of energy. What is the final temperature of the ethanol? Useful Information: The specific heat of ethanol is 2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C. Solution Use the formula q mcΔT Where q Heat Energym Massc Specific HeatΔT Change in temperature. 14640 J (300 g)(2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)ΔT Solve for ΔT: ΔT 14640 J/(300 g)(2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)ΔT 20  °CΔT Tfinal - TinitialTfinal Tinital ΔTTfinal 10  °C 20  °CTfinal 30  °C Answer:  The final temperature of the ethanol is 30  °C. Final Temperature After Mixing When you mix together two substances with different initial temperatures, the same principles apply. If the materials dont chemically react, all you need to do to find the final temperature is to assume that both substances will eventually reach the same temperature. Problem Find the final temperature when 10.0 grams of aluminum at 130.0  °C mixes with 200.0 grams of water at 25  °C. Assume no water is lost as water vapor. Solution Again, you use q mcΔT, except you assume qaluminum qwater and solve for T, which is the final temperature. You need to look up the specific heat values (c) for aluminum and water. This solution uses 0.901 for aluminum and 4.18 for water: (10)(130 - T)(0.901) (200.0)(T - 25)(4.18)T 26.12  °C

Market to Your Preferred Readership

Market to Your Preferred Readership What do you lead with when you publish a book and broadcast news about it? What is the first line of your promotional copy? What leads on your website? How do you word your social media? If its 99 cents for a limited time, you are choosing to market first to those who gravitate to cheap prices instead of those who want a great story. If its FREE for a limited time, you are catering to those who often want something for nothing.   You may argue with me, but hey, you decide what you think will grab the most attention of your customer base. If you start with price, then you think they make their choices with price. If you start with a story hook, then you cater to the reader who doesnt let price dicate their reading choices. There are other options: -Begin with setting, like I often do with Edisto Beach, to grab tourists and beach readers. -Begin with the authors name, assuming you have a burgeoning platform of readers awaiting your next story. -Begin with the genre: mystery, romance, sci-fi, young adult, etc. But out of all of those, many authors, especially new ones, begin with the price. You might reconsider that choice.   If you lead with price, you also may turn aside the serious reader . . . that reader willing to pay the bigger price. These days, that price isnt all that much, especially with ebooks. At the risk of stepping on the toes of many of my indie-published readers, you tell the world that income and price is your driving force for writing . . . not a legacy to the world of stories. I came to this conclusion as I was going through so many emails, Facebook posts, and small press advertisements, deleting all the ones that began with FREE or 99 CENTS or REDUCED FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY. These days we are deluged with DEALS. So many deals, in fact, that the word has the potential to cheapen.   Instead, when I consider a book, I look for recommendations, blurb endorsements, taglines, and a great gotcha hook in my genre. I want to know what others think of the book. With my TBR stack numbering 50 not including whats on my Kindle, and so many stories pushed out daily, I want to read a good one. Price may not grab a large number of people, but great word-of-mouth always will.

How new perspective on leadership relates to the various types Essay

How new perspective on leadership relates to the various types - Essay Example Another concept that Nonaka and Takeuchi discussed in the interview is the concept of â€Å"phronesis† or practical wisdom. Phronesis is â€Å"the habit of making the right decisions and taking the right actions in context, and relentless pursuit of excellence for the common good† (Nonaka & Takeuchi, Wise Leadership, 2011). They went on further to say that phronesis can be cultivated through very close human interactions. This new perspective on leadership is very much related to the previous concepts of leadership. The other articles on leadership in the textbook also supported the idea of Nonaka and Takeuchi about being an ethical leader. The articles on the textbook also emphasized that leaders must have a passion to do right. This too was advocated by Nonaka and Takeuchi when they mentioned the importance of having a moral purpose and doing what is good for society. The six abilities of a wise leader which were enumerated in Nonaka’s and Takeuchi’s art icle are supportive and intertwined with the â€Å"Seven Habits of Ethical Leaders† taken up in the textbook readings. The first ability of a wise leader is that he can judge goodness. Likewise, an ethical leader has a passion to do right and realize the importance of ethics in the decision-making process.

Nursing Advanced Practice Role Paper -. Florida's Certified registered Research

Nursing Advanced Practice Role -. Florida's Certified registered nurse anesthetists - Research Paper Example Currently there are more than 3,400 CRNAs in the state of Florida and they are the only nurses who are credentialed to provide anesthesia services (Florida Coalition of Advanced Practice Nurses, 2008). In most rural hospitals of Florida, the CRNAs are the sole anesthesia providers. Nationally, the CRNAs are known to deliver 30 million anesthetics each year (American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 2008). Significant Contributions of CRNAs: The CRNAs have made incredible contributions to nursing and nursing practice. The CRNA’s education and practice has evolved in recent years to fill the growing need surgeons had for anesthetists. Unlike the regular registered nurses, CRNAs function with a high degree of autonomy. The CRNAs provide anesthetic services in surgical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. As pioneers in the field of anesthesia, the CRNAs are committed to ensure high standards, based on evidence based practices (Northam, 2009). They provide high quality servic es, which are comparable to those provided by their physician counterparts (Florida Coalition of Advanced Practice Nurses, 2008). The CRNAs have made significant contributions in rural healthcare. ... Barriers Confronted: External Barriers: 1. HMOs, Medicaid and many insurance plans do not provide direct payment for the services of ARNPs as they do for their physician counterparts. In fact they do not even contract with the ARNPs directly (Florida Coalition of Advanced Practice Nurses, 2008). 2. ARNPs are denied medical staff privileges in many hospitals and other medical care facilities (Florida Coalition of Advanced Practice Nurses, 2008). 3. When compared to their physician counterparts, ARNPs are subject to strict malpractice insurance requirements (Phillips, 2005). 4. The ARNPs in Florida can prescribe a wide range of medications. However, unlike the ARNPs in other states, the ARNPs in Florida are not permitted to prescribe controlled substances (Phillips, 2005). Internal Barriers: 1. In the state of Florida, CRNAs are required to work under direct supervision of a medical physician, an osteopathic physician or a dentist (Florida Coalition of Advanced Practice Nurses, 2008). They are required to work within the framework of the protocols which identify the medical acts that can be performed and the conditions under which they can be performed. This greatly limits their ability to function independently. 2. APNs generally have inadequate administrative support and are pressed for time as they try to balance clinical and non-clinical activities (Irvine et al, 2000). This is frequently reported as a major barrier to participating in education, research and leadership activities (Sidani et al., 2000). Benefits to nursing and constituents: The increasing demand for APNs has boosted student enrollment into entry-level baccalaureate programs in nursing by 5.7% (AACN, 2011). The scope

Thousand Splendid Suns Summary Essay Example for Free

Thousand Splendid Suns Summary Essay The novel centers around the friendship between Mariam and Laila. It is split into four parts, with a focus on Mariam in the first part, continuing Laila in the second and fourth, and the relationship between the two women in the third part. Mariam lives in a kolba on the outskirts of Herat with her embittered mother. Jalil, her father, is a wealthy man who lives in town with three wives and nine children. Because Mariam is his illegitimate daughter, she cannot live with them, but Jalil visits her every Thursday. On her fifteenth birthday, Mariam wants her father to take her to see Pinocchio at his movie theater. When he does not show up, she hikes into town and goes to his house. He refuses to see her, and she ends up sleeping on the porch. In the morning, Mariam returns home to find that her mother has committed suicide out of fear that her daughter has deserted her. Mariam is then taken to live in her fathers house. Jalil arranges for her to be married to Rasheed, a shoemaker from Kabul who is thirty years her senior. In Kabul, Mariam becomes pregnant seven successive times, but is never able to carry a child to term, and Rasheed gradually becomes more abusive. A girl named Laila and a boy named Tariq, who are close friends and aware of social boundaries, live in the same neighborhood. War comes to Afghanistan, and Kabul is bombarded by rocket attacks. Tariqs family decides to leave the city, and the emotional farewell between Laila and Tariq ends with them making love. Lailas family also decides to leave Kabul, but as they are packing a rocket destroys the house, kills her parents, and severely injures Laila. Laila is taken in by Rasheed and Mariam. After recovering from her injuries, Laila discovers that she is pregnant with Tariqs child. After learning that Tariq is dead, she agrees to marry Rasheed, who is eager to have a young and attractive second wife, and hopes to have a child with her. When Laila gives birth to a daughter, Aziza, Rasheed is displeased and suspicious, and he soon becomes abusive toward Laila. Mariam and Laila eventually become confidantes and best friends. They plan to run away from Rasheed and leave Kabul, but they are caught at the bus station. Rasheed beats them and deprives them of water for several days, almost killing Aziza. A few years later, Laila gives birth to Zalmai, Rasheeds son. The Taliban has risen to power, and there is a drought, and living conditions in Kabul become poor. Rasheeds workshop burns down, and he is forced to take jobs for which he is ill-suited. Rasheed sends Aziza to an orphanage. Then one day, Tariq appears outside the house. He and Laila are reunited, and their passions flare anew. When Rasheed returns home from work, Zalmai tells his father about the visitor. Rasheed starts to savagely beat Laila. He nearly strangles her, but Mariam intervenes and kills Rasheed with a shovel. Afterwards, Mariam confesses to killing Rasheed, in order to draw attention away from Laila and Tariq, and is executed, while Laila and Tariq leave for Pakistan with Aziza and Zalmai. After the fall of the Taliban, Laila and Tariq return to Afghanistan. They stop in the village where Mariam was raised, and discover a package that Mariams father left behind for her: a videotape of Pinocchio, a small pile of money and a letter. Laila reads the letter and discovers that Jalil regretted sending Mariam away. Laila and Tariq return to Kabul and fix up the orphanage, where Laila starts working as a teacher. Laila is pregnant with her third child, and if it is a girl, Laila has already named her.

The Movie, Real Women Have Curves Essay -- Cinema

Being a curvaceous young woman is hard enough. Especially when you’re trying to find love, you’re seeking approval and anticipating a better future for yourself. The film Real Women Have Curves stresses how important higher education is to a Mexican-American teenager and the wrath she endures from her mother because of her weight and aspiration. Mark Twain stated that, â€Å"Keep away from those who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you believe that you too can become great† (http://thinkexist.com/quotation/keepaway_from_those_who_try_to_belittleyour/215215.html). I believe I can personally relate to Real Women Have Curves, the reason being is because I’m a daughter, I’m overweight, and I’m seeking a post-secondary education. This is a synopsis of Real Women Have Curves; I’ll reveal why the film is so inspiring to me, I’ll give feedback from movie reviews, and I’ll use documents from my course’s textbook, to fully develop my ideas. Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 movie adapted from a 1987 screenplay by George LaVoo and Josefina Lopez. The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso and produced by LaVoo. The film debuted at the Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award. Real Women Have Curves stars America Ferrera as Ana, an intelligent and ambitious 18-year-old who has just graduated from Beverly Hills High School in Los Angeles. Ana’s wish is to attend Columbia University; however, Ana’s mother, Carmen, sees a different future for her. She’s determined that Ana will become a seamstress, at her oldest daughter’s dress store. Carmen even tells Ana’s father, â€Å""I can educate her. I'll teach her how to sew. I'll teach her how to take care of her husband†. Roger Ebert stat... ...f- hollywood-celebrities-what-is-the-average-size-of-a-hollywood- actress-history Ebert, Roger. (2011, January 1). Real women have curves. Retrieved from http://www.metacritic.com/movie/real-women-have-curves Flixster.(2002, October 20). Rotten tomatoes. Retrived from http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/real_women_have_curves/#!reviews=all&page=3 Graff, G., Birkenstein, C., & Durst, R. K. (2009). Fat as a Feminist Issue. "They say/I say": the moves that matter in academic writing: with readings (pp. 202-203). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Graff, G., Birkenstein, C., & Durst, R. K. (2009). The Growing College Gap. "They say/I say": the moves that matter in academic writing : with readings (p. 379). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Thinkexist.com. (1999, January 1). Retrieved from http://thinkexist.com/quotation/keepawayfromthosewhotrytobelittleyour/215215.html

Is it true that Adolf Hitler is the son of Rizal Essay

This is absolutely absurd, but since some fairly educated people actually want to believe it, I write this column.The argument is that Rizal had a German connection, he studied in Heildelberg, and being the Pinoy Don Juan he probably sired a son (why not a Daughter?) who later turned out to Adolf Hitler. Hitler was born 1889, and Rizal left Germany in 1887. Unless Hitler was a delayed baby, that is highly improbable. Although there is no resemblance between the two, it is argued that unlike the tall, blond and blue-eyed Germans, Hitler wanted to propagate into the â€Å"master race,’ Hitler himself was small of stature had dark hair and dark eyes. I would counter this argument by explaining that, contrary to popular belief, Hitler was Austrian not a German. But then Rizal visited in Austria in May 1887 and according to Rizal’s traveling companion, Max Viola, he did spend a night with an unknown Austrian woman. Viola remembers that they were billeted in the Hotel Metropole, Vienna and Rizal â€Å"†¦encountered the figure of a temptress in the form of Viennese woman, of the family of the Camelliasor Margarite of extraordinary beauty and irresistible attraction, who seemingly had been expressly invited to offer for a moment the cup of mundane pleasure to the apostle of the Philippine freedom who until the had enjoyed among his intimates the fame worthy of his glorious namesake, St. Joseph. With the exception of this case I knew of no other slip of Rizal during more than six months of our living together.†

Prejudice and Justice System

I believe that prejudice exists in the criminal justice system. Numerous studies have evidence that have shown prejudice on defendants of color. Social scientists conclude that compared to white defendants, minority groups face a greater chance of prison and severe sentences for identical offenses (Killing With Prejudice). Nearly 51 percent of individuals in a study conducted in Philadelphia, believe that police are more likely to use excessive force against black or Hispanic suspects than white suspects.Minorities are more likely to be victims of police brutality. Not only are minorities treated poorly but also numbers of minorities are sent to trail for non-violent crimes because of discrimination (Racial Discrimination). Of the nearly 2. 1 million adult men and women imprisoned in the United States, roughly 70% are persons of color. People of color are imprisoned disproportionately due to racist laws, and are harassed and mistreated by U.S. agencies. Although people of color commi t most crimes at the same rate as Whites, the unequal targeting and treatment of people of color throughout the criminal justice system, from arrest to sentencing, results in the disproportionate imprisonment of people of color (System as Racist). Hispanics and Blacks who have no criminal record are far more likely to be sentenced than White defendants with no criminal record.Hispanics are twice as likely as Whites to face prison time instead of probation, a fine, or time in a county jail (Racial Prejudice). Blacks are more likely to be sentenced to prison for the same crime than Whites. One third of people of color sentenced to prison would have received a shorter sentence if they had been treated in court the same way as White defendants facing similar charges (System as Racist).

History of Portugal - Overview

History of Portugal - Overview Location of Portugal Portugal is located in the far west of Europe, on the Iberian Peninsular. It is bounded by Spain to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. Historical Summary of Portugal The country of Portugal emerged in the tenth century during the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula: first as a region under the control of the Counts of Portugal and then, in the mid-twelfth century, as a kingdom under King Afonso I. The throne then went through a turbulent time, with several rebellions. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries overseas exploration and conquest in Africa, South America and India won the nation a rich empire. In 1580 a succession crisis led to a successful invasion by the King of Spain and Spanish rule, beginning an era known to opponents as the Spanish Captivity, but a successful rebellion in 1640 led to independence once more. Portugal fought alongside Britain in the Napoleonic Wars, whose political fallout led to a son of the King of Portugal becoming Emperor of Brazil; a decline in imperial power followed. The nineteenth century saw civil war, before a Republic was declared in 1910. However, in 1926 a military coup led to generals ruling until 1933, when a Professor called Salazar took over, ruling in an authoritarian manner. His retirement through illness was followed a few years later by a further coup, the declaration of the Third Republic and independence for African colonies. Key People from the History of Portugal Afonso HenriqueThe son of the Count of Portugal, Afonso Henrique was the rallying point for Portuguese nobles who feared losing their power to rival Galicians. Afonso won either a battle or a tournament and successfully expelled his mother, who was styled as Queen, and by 1140 was calling himself King of Portugal. He worked to establish his position, and by 1179 had persuaded the Pope to recognise him as king.Dom DinisNicknamed the farmer, Dinis is often the most highly regarded of the Burgundian dynasty, for he began the creation of a formal navy, founded the first university in Lisbon, promoted culture, founded one of the first insurance institutions for merchants and broadened trade. However, tensions grew among his nobles and he lost the Battle of Santarà ©m to his son, who took the crown as King Afonso IV.Antà ³nio SalazarA Professor of Political Economy, Salazar was invited in 1928 by Portugal’s military dictatorship to join the government and resolve a financial crisi s. In 1933 he was promoted to Prime Minister, and he ruled – if not as a dictator (though an argument can be made that he was), then certainly as a repressive, anti-parliamentary authoritarian, until illness forced him to retire in 1974. Rulers of Portugal

Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand (Calculus)

Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand (Calculus) Suppose youre given the following question: Demand is Q 3000 - 4P 5ln(P), where P is the price for good Q, and P is the price of the competitors good. What is the cross-price elasticity of demand when our price is $5 and our competitor is charging $10? We saw that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z with respect to Y (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) In the case of cross-price elasticity of demand, we are interested in the elasticity of quantity demand with respect to the other firms price P. Thus we can use the following equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (dQ / dP)*(P/Q) In order to use this equation, we must have quantity alone on the left-hand side, and the right-hand side be some function of the other firms price. That is the case in our demand equation of Q 3000 - 4P 5ln(P). Thus we differentiate with respect to P and get: dQ/dP 5/P So we substitute dQ/dP 5/P and Q 3000 - 4P 5ln(P) into our cross-price elasticity of demand equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (dQ / dP)*(P/Q)Cross-price elasticity of demand (5/P)*(P/(3000 -4P 5ln(P))) Were interested in finding what the cross-price elasticity of demand is at P 5 and P 10, so we substitute these into our cross-price elasticity of demand equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (5/P)*(P/(3000 -4P 5ln(P)))Cross-price elasticity of demand (5/10)*(5/(3000 - 20 5ln(10)))Cross-price elasticity of demand 0.5 * (5 / 3000 - 20 11.51)Cross-price elasticity of demand: 0.5 * (5 / 2991.51)Cross-price elasticity of demand: 0.5 * 0.00167Cross-price elasticity of demand: 0.5 * 0.000835 Thus our cross-price elasticity of demand is 0.000835. Since it is greater than 0, we say that goods are substitutes. Other Price Elasticity Equations Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Supply

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book Review - Essay Example Even with the good press associated with the Marshall Plan, revisionists and diplomatic historians from both the United States and the sixteen involved nations from Western Europe—even more than fifty years after its ratification and implementation—still debate on its origins, motives and effects (Agnew and Entrikin 2004, p. 1). For instance, historical revisionists have found that â€Å"the economic impact of the plan has been significantly downgraded as scholars concluded that the crisis of 1947 in Europe was less grave than American policy-makers had thought† (Hitchcock n.d.). With these considerations in mind, two of the most substantial and celebrated books on rethinking and revisiting the Marshall Plan will be reviewed in this paper in order to shed some light on what the real purposes and effects of the Marshall Plan are in relation to the United States’ supposed gigantic role in the economic recovery of Europe. The book by Michael Hogan and two chapters from Agnew and Entrikin’s volume will be compared against each other through their contributions to the rethinking of the Marshall Plan. While the former is very detailed, the message that Hogan wants to state is somewhat lost within the detailing of the various facets of the creation of the Marshall Plan. On the other hand, Agnew and Entrikin’s chapters are composed of separate papers that present an all-encompassing view of the Marshall Plan and its effects. These separate chapters that can stand on their own present a more comprehensive and understandable argument as to the sig nificance of the Marshall Plan in history. It can be said then that quality and readability of a work does not depend on the length and an extreme attention to detail, but on a concise presentation of facts and figures that would make the reader understand and accept the argument presented as true. Although there are a lot of differences between the two books, one of the main causes